How Long Will An Unopened Box Of Cigars Last

Rodotà: "An error dialogue. Berlusconi is now isolated "

"We're to the point: after almost closed the parliament, after reducing the Council of Ministers to a business committee of the President of the Council here that Berlusconi announced the suspension of constitutional rights. Why is this the meaning of the attack on the institutions to guarantee. " Stefano Rodota says with concern yesterday to the words of Silvio Berlusconi. He added: "Someone told me that I had been excessive to write that in Italy there was the danger that the state constitutional right but that's exactly what's going on. In the culture of Berlusconi is not democracy. He is a master of the ironworks with the ability to identify the public interest with his personal interest. "

The interest and the general will, Berlusconi said, was manifested at the time of the vote. Should be left to govern.

The popular vote does not dissolve the observance of the law. It is a basic postulate of the rule of law. Conversely we must speak of the absolute monarchical state or which is obviously what has in mind when Berlusconi proposes institutional reforms. So we're careful. For the rider, there are no independent powers. They are automatically opposition. Obsessively communists. Thus, the Constitutional Court becomes a left party but Berlusconi not even know what is the origin of the constitutional judges, if he knew not talk like that. The speech yesterday was clear: either you are with those who won the election and is ahead in the polls or you are out. That's why he says that the era of hypocrisy and moved out of the institutions of warranty.

you see a leap in quality in these attacks? We are at the point of no return?

Is there a repetition effect, this is undeniable. The attacks have already been there, just one year ago Berlusconi launched his lunging against the head of state about the decree to Eluana. This one part is the confirmation of a consolidated approach but on the other is the signal of a serious escalation that will not in any way stop. And so yesterday, after saying a thousand times that we must not denigrate our country, in an institutional abroad has denigrated the best guarantee institutions in the country, the President of the Republic and consultation.

But it thrust him disguised as a defense of the parliament. There they make the laws - he said - and the judges of the Consulta you put across.

The answer is very simple. Rate laws is the job of the Constitutional Court. If it does not betray her mission. Let's just say that the consultation is always moving with great caution and if they are growing opportunities for its action is because there is an escalation in putting aside the Constitution. The Court is not going over the top but the parliament is a constitutional right from the circuit.

Faced with a situation, the Constitution provides a remedy or warranty?

No, there are none because the Constitution was written by people who had democracy in the blood. But now we see the total strangeness to the constitutional dimension. If Berlusconi had any sense of constitutional legality would not say these things.

So what?

At this time all those who have any role in the institutions must take a stand and express public to measure the distance between Considers that the institutions are those who still believe this and that institutions are the heart of democracy. Above all, I say it bluntly, with Berlusconi following this devastating line of institutional politics there can be no dialogue. Need a cordon sanitaire, until now the attitude of the knight and his Pasdaran has been underestimated. Think about the discussion that takes place every time you made a new law, it is really a fact unprecedented. The first concern is, "Napolitano to sign?". And the second: "She overcame the obstacle of the consultation?. There is no better proof than the reference to the Constitution is now out of the parliamentary logic. The majority is a political group as the leader Berlusconi has long ago decided to live on the margins of constitutional legality. I do not mean a risk, I speak of what has already happened.

of Stefano Rodota from Micromedia

Rugrats Go Wild Online

Freedom of worship

These considerations on freedom of religion were published in the book "The readers' letters" of the Messaggero Veneto, 15 December 2009.

The recent results of the Swiss referendum on the block the building of minarets, the controversy over Islamic cemetery in Udine and the Strasbourg ruling on the crucifix are all expressions of unacceptable violations of religious freedom, a right enshrined in our Constitution. When there is no respect for others, whoever he is, atheist or believer, Catholic or Muslim, we take a shift of thinking that can lead to the resurgence of xenophobic and racist. Fear and ignorance eventually prevail on tolerance, respect and interaction, understanding as reciprocity between people and cultures without dominance, which determines the "growth" of each. Much more, therefore, that the integration of immigrants adapting to culture and environment that welcomes giving up part of its identity. The enrichment comes from the free flow of ideas not dall'arroccarsi positions of intransigence and of prominence. But how is it that some people take upon themselves the right to impose on others, with arrogance, his ideas? One can not help but rebel against a similar way of thinking and acting, and one can only fear those who believe they have only certainties. Hazardous those who say one reason: they are neither minimally touched by "virtue of the doubt," the title of an interesting book Zagrebelsky. About the Strasbourg ruling, I think the verdict against the oppressive presence of the crucifix in classrooms and public offices. It's part of our tradition, believers or not, must be respected for what it represents. It would be desirable for many of those who defend him with drawn sword, speak, make their behavior as the home, more consistent with what is taught by Jesus Christ, He migrant. The fundamentalists of any religion have always been harbingers of tragedy. They do not consider religion to the service of all, do not promote the interaction and instead to lower the walls of mistrust, lift us even more. This year marks the twentieth anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall, but knocked down a wall as many others have been raised, whether real or virtual. History is full of despicable crimes committed in the name of some god. The Egyptian writer Nawal El Saadawi, whose name is on the list of persons sentenced to death by Islamic fundamentalists, has written about the Swiss referendum, "... This vote is a gift to the fanatics who live in war of civilizations and not waiting to say to the Muslim crowd: you have seen, this is the true face of the West crusader. "Khaled Fouad Allam, a Muslim university professor who is was also Italian Parliament, wrote the book "The loneliness of the West." The author, from his position as privileged observer of both worlds, says the West must come to terms with their multiple identities and learn to understand the complexity rather than fight them. No more confrontation, but confrontation, a meeting of diversity and mutual growth. We is not better than to discuss the Islamic cemetery of Udine. But by what rational argument can be denied the right to burial to those who have a different religion. The pity for the dead is universal, because death, as he said Toto is "flush" and we are all in front of her equal and then it was not Jesus Christ say, "Love your neighbor as yourself"?. In this climate so hostile statements do not cause great surprise of some members of the League who would like to propose a referendum in Italy similar to that of Switzerland. This is not a variant of the development plan but a resurgence of xenophobia and racism. They forget, or may not know that a few decades ago, some public places of the Swiss Confederation appeared signs that read 'It is prohibited to enter the dogs and the Italians. "In contrast, however, have always been welcome to capital that many Italians, including the government, and they were smuggled into this tax haven. It 'really a beautiful example to follow!

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Jealousy When Otherreceive Flowers

Redde rationem surveyors Giuseppe Sardelli

scandal waste Minturno justice takes its course and I do not intend to interfere in the recent judicial vicissitudes that involved, at least for the moment, Carmine Viola and Victor Ciummo.

Over the past months I have complied with the order of silence and, consequently, will not go beyond what is already in the public domain.

I will, however, not necessarily of other responsibilities related to the criminal sphere.

Because I am convinced that even the most naive of people have very clear ideas about how things really are gone and that anyone can easily discern from the areas which are only personal liability of individual directors, I will, here, only the political aspects of the story.

Now is the time, after the ritual declaration of esteem of the unfortunate official and ridiculous statements in the press of the "scoinvolto" Sardelli to clarify the position of each director of the City of Minto.

No one can say: I did not know, or say that he had never heard of in landfills and Pantano Irto Parks nor in the locality of perpretate systematic illegality in the management of the service of collecting solid waste.

Two Experiences of theatrical anthropology, Raffaele Chianese and Thomas Romano, have all'oposizione resigned and gone. All committee members have given the well-served Hygiene and President John Baldascino passed in turn to the opposition. Finally, the new Commission President Mario Ruberto has also submitted a lump sum and another exposed to dissociating from the conduct of the judiciary in matters of waste.

The picture is dark colors, no doubt about it.

There is only one place where it should be agreed as soon as possible: the City Council.

Sardelli will have to answer for its actions and explain his conduct before the representatives of the citizens.

This is not the time to hide our heads in the sand, rather we have come to income rationem Mr. Sardelli.

Iron Board Mechanism Repair

Cassandra ... but not too

Following the recent news events it seems that some political and fell from the clouds. Few
talk, because everyone knew myself reported in the City Council, with specific complaints about what was happening.
I believe I have done my duty, and they're giving me the facts right.
Now someone must take responsibility before the citizens.

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Voluntarily

This letter was sent to Messaggero Veneto

November 22, 2009 Thursday, November 12 has been published on this
a newspaper article entitled-The "voluntary" involves young people. " Partial data were reported on the text and / or inaccurate and I think that information should be correct and complete. No doubt who wrote it was in good faith and considered, perhaps with a little 'superficiality, only the last part the project, without bothering to know its history. But I think some clarification is fair because volunteering is a good example of how voluntary organizations can constructively highlight weaknesses in the system, proposing possible solutions, promote the establishment of networks with institutions and ensuring the continuity of projects over time. The Anffas Alto Friuli is an association which takes care of loading and families of people with intellectual disabilities and / or relational, but not only, and the Governing Board for many years, it was clear how important it was to target young people 'internal solidarity of the schools to sensitize them to and voluntary. The idea was actually exposed to two other volunteers, both active in the disability field, Dinse Une Man and Community Renewal, which will have been joined.
The collaboration of these three groups, with the partnership of Carnia Special Team, thanks to funding from the Volunteer Service Center, was born the first volunteer. E 'was also requested that the participation of ASS3 Alto Friuli, especially the municipal social services, recognizing that the educational validity of the proposal has been made available functional unit educator and social education. Textually report the reasons for the first project. "The idea and of course 'was born from a previous experience gained in a high school in Tolmezzo, which involved students in counseling work during a course of computer science for young people. At the end of the course all the boys were satisfied, and some have proposed to continue the experience. With this project we plan to respond, stimulate and motivate young people to draw closer to the voluntary sector, given this opportunity a chance to grow, one way to look around 360 degrees and find that not only are their problems, understand their emotions and learn to value each other, to relate to others, learn to recognize the needs of others and often bring out hidden potential. "
So, in school year 2004-05, voluntarily and was presented and played in all institutions of higher Tolmezzo. The project involved three phases.
The first of four meetings with the 3rd classes and / or 4 'to promote among students the culture of solidarity, promotion of diversity, reflection on the value of volunteering for the personal growth of every child. "
The second concerned a specific training of volunteers and consisted of 7 sessions 3 hours each in which, through theoretical and practical-experiential moments, it was analyzed and reflected on personal needs and motivations, communication and relationships with others, awareness of their abilities and responsibilities.
In the third stage was a meeting with people involved in volunteering, can bring significant testimonies about their experiences, motivations and political action. Voluntarily has been appreciated in schools and repeated the following year, in the first two phases, the same associations with the refinancing of the CSV and cooperation of the SSC, with some minor modifications derived from the analysis of the strengths and critical areas identified during its first implementation. During the school year 2006-07, and Anffas DUM, contributed to a regional notice provided for in Article 8 of the 12 LR on volunteering for the funding necessary for the performance, exactly the case, the third edition of the project.
E 'in the following year was that the associations, not the ASS3 that "they thought, activated and strongly desired" voluntarily gave way. Or because, within the needs of associations, like ideas, are always many, but people willing to translate them into action are few and always the same, either because it is often difficult to coordinate between organizations, either because it was already ample evidence viability of the project and it seemed that the SSA was concerned to give continuity. And so it was. The rest we read the article.
Let me still to offer readers some food for thought on action to promote cultural and social voluntary organizations can play and how it can be fruitful cooperation with the institutions of the same. The knowledge of the needs, experiences, knowledge are different, but if there is a tendency towards a common goal, the well-being of everyone, and work together produces better results and optimize the increasingly scarce resources. A few steps on the very road of joint planning between social institutions and volunteering here into meat is done, but the mishaps are still there and the goal is still a long way off. There work for everyone. Elisa
Barazzutti president Anffas Alto Friuli onlus

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Disability And Online College

The desperation on the business

This letter was published on Tuesday, November 24 Messaggero Veneto 2009.

Looking back, I think how I taught my parents, schoolteachers, and liken it to the reference values \u200b\u200bof society today, it's definitely confused. I'm sure many people want to change this system deepened by particularism of those in power, that is responsible for managing the public good and which is thought to act the sign of a virtuosity that points downward (Paolo Guzzanti). All over the life course, are confronted with school and work. The school, as I remember, it was challenging, we were taught to think, recognize our merits, but unless we studied, we failed. Even then there were problems, culminating in the student revolution of '68, but there was passion, and desire to do to change things. Now, with the Gelmini reform, school funding and pushing through cuts in human resources, unhappy with both students and teachers with the devaluation of the quality of teaching. I was taught to respect the work, because it allows to express their skills and achieve economic independence. Then the contracts were mostly open-ended with the security of final salary pension. Currently, new contracts have a time limit and with no guarantees. Low wages, lack of profit incentive, uncertainty of employment, brain drain, unemployment rising slightly mitigated by social safety nets. And what about that war report represented by the deaths at work and we are talking about too little? Yet education and labor rights are enshrined in the Constitution. After years of exaltation of the work completed, there are those who "rediscovered" the value of the fixed place. Of course, absentee and drifters to be punished, but those who work well should be encouraged, involved in programming. The ranks of temporary workers, who can not plan a future, he added that the newly unemployed and laid off, which certainly would not be optimistic as our premier. But what's the solution? Here it is, at your fingertips! It's Win for Life, hope contained in a scratch. It 's amazing that we can also do business on the desperation! E 'in recent days the news that some supermarkets, including promotions, offering tickets, transferable, which contribute to the extraction of a job for a year to a thousand euro per month. This is the creativity of the Italians in times of crisis?!
Once respect for the institutions, for law enforcement and justice were part of the values \u200b\u200btaught in the family, school and parish. Currently it seems that the rule of law is only imposed on the poor. It 's easier to go to jail for stealing bread for hunger, to which multi-billion insatiable greed for wealth. Fantastic and unbelievable in a democratic state the story of Stephen Cucchi. A name that weighs a ton, because the state is to have it on my conscience. The Judiciary should establish the responsibility of the person, I hope it is just a loose cannon of the system, beat him to death, and instead of protecting it, it has trampled rights by ending his life. Currently the media is clear that the political system works with the systematic search skeletons in the closets of the opponents to use as a weapon of blackmail, wheeling and dealing with organized criminals with powers, with the pressure on judges, threatening to change the Constitution because it slows down the decision of who is in power or not, rather, with the discussion and democratic process. Certain processes have biblical times, we need a reform, but this should be done in the interest of the people and not individuals. I will stop here because the discussion would be really long and it would become boring. For my part I am grateful to those who gave me those lessons and I've always preferred the intellectual honesty and professional ethics rather than pursue a career at all costs. Certainly it is' a path more difficult than adapting to the common system of quid pro quo. But I just got up in the morning, look in the mirror and be satisfied.

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Follando En Restauran

ETHICS - A drift intolerable

These considerations have been published under the heading "The readers' letters," Messaggero Veneto, 22 October 2009.

Ethics is a much abused word, but what is its true meaning? Leafing Zingarelli says "Part of the philosophy that studies the issues and values \u200b\u200brelated to human action: the distinction between good and evil is its own ethics ..."
One wonders how you can tolerate a drift ethics as the one we are experiencing. We have a strong government with the weak and weak with the strong. He looks like a pun, but in reality hides a truth derived from the dramatic shift of the priority values \u200b\u200bby the man to the god money. He lost humanity, tolerance and solidarity, once typical of the Italians, to make room to lie systematically to disregard the existing laws, intolerance, lack of respect for persons, human rights and civil . A free press is so trampled that ours was called "semi-free country" by international observers. The human rights of many people, often fleeing war and poverty, are being trampled, you implement the "reject" to a state that does not respect them, like Libya, with which our country is increasingly close trade relationship. In all areas is constantly increasing the number of temporary workers and the unemployed who lose their jobs without the benefit of social safety nets. E 'in place a policy of savage cuts to offset the growing national debt and GDP is more suffocating. From my point of view, this situation represents a defeat of democracy and should not be mystified by "defeatism," a word used by the premier label for the policy of the left, to tell her, does nothing but terrorism. The government, with the twenty-fifth time since the beginning of the mandate, the vote of confidence, which actually tends to depreciate more and more the role of parliament, approved the tax shelter, a measure that rewards those who have evaded tax and the accumulated money business also illegal. It is hard to find a sense of ethics in this measure. I, as a citizen who has always paid taxes, are furious because this is a fair slap on the wrist and an incentive for dishonest people to persevere. But the shock came more I read that the measure passed the House by a margin of only twenty votes, and that during the session, there was a lack about 120 members, including 29 opposition. It seems clear, therefore, that the adoption of this "legislative monster" can be attributed to the whole parliament, not just to the right. I think the Minister Brunetta would do well to deal with, even before the other, the "lazy" gentlemen, because behavior like that entices many to imitate them. That words must regain their sense and that those who represent us to behave consistently with their role and mandate and does not consider public opinion as a res res privately effects that are visible to all so long, now too, time. Finally let me express my point of view on a recent development, that of ethical has very little, I mean the state funeral of Mike Buongiorno. It seems to me absolutely wrong unite those who paid with his life for his commitment to the state and peace with those who have done their work so well, however well-paid, in the entertainment world, heralding the TV commercial that is so beneficial to heritage of the few and the ignorance of many, and died in his luxurious home in Monaco. On the contrary, I am surprised that very little emphasis is given to those who, every day, died on the job, maybe black, and who can not make ends meet. Enough of that disgusting blinders propinatoci by certain media to the sound of escort and Pharaonic feasts, functional hide a policy that ignores the conflict of interest of those who govern us. I conclude by expressing the hope that respect for the rights of all, the quest for freedom in every sense and rebellion against injustice, to become the common heritage and that you return the primary concern of politics in the "Planet Man". Utopia??

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Christina Aguilera Boobs Stolen

Press freedom

This article, in letter form, was published in the Messaggero Veneto 8 September 2009 entitled "A very critical moment. "

The news that two international journalists' organizations that monitor freedom of the press in the world, define our semi-free country by placing it after a few were South American, Asian and African countries, has done nothing but confirm what was already assumed: in Italy a lot of information the press is muzzled and walked on. But as we have come to such a situation? Ilaria Mauro de Mauro, and High, to name two, have paid with their lives for their thirst for truth. Enzo Biagi and Indro Montanelli, pillars of the history of Italian journalism, but on different ideological sides have suffered heavy consequences for having always maintained consistent and abiding reality. I believe that without complete and accurate information we can not implement a constructive dialectic between the government coalition and opposition. One wonders what meaning can be attributed to the word democracy today. Recently, the Prime Minister, from his great power to control the media, voiced opinions on heavy state television because, to tell her, do not you ever criticize the government and the opposition, as well as some print diverted . From this it can be argued that news, especially those that may make the government look bad, to be domesticated, such part or unspoken, the banner if you do not know, does not exist. E'invalso a way to do journalism as a second master's voice is well described by Marco Travaglio in His book The disappearance of the facts. In practice, the technique consists in directing the attention of the populace, because this is the consideration that our leaders have of us, less important news about inflated to distract from more serious events that would call into question the actions of the government. Moreover, in the preparation of schedules you realize the desire to bring out news related to violence, so dear to some parties, particularly if carried out by immigrants. The words crime, crime, cruelty are emphasized in the news at first and then the programs in prime time, often police, thriller, etc.. The limited data that emerge from the statistics show that crimes are decline, then why take so much attention focused on these topics? Maybe it will help justify the patrols or rejections of some of desperate boat? At this point a serious reflection on the respect for human rights is also made about our country. One gets the impression that they are dusted off old skeletons of the past, hiding behind a facade of democracy. The notorious MinCulPop imparted to newspapers and radio directives which were obliged to follow. Pursuing the goal of trying to muzzle any dissenting voice that can not control, our government is now preparing an award for the WEB, the only item still available. It 'clear that we are experiencing a very critical that many of our democracy, for their personal interests, they would like to appear in decline, but not limited to, having also the continuing attacks that bring the Constitution, the Head of State, the flag, national anthem and even the Italian language . But where is the opposition? When you wake up from quell'apatia that seems stifled and that in the eyes of an ordinary citizen is an accomplice, and why not, interested? Granted, it is difficult to counter the media power of those who govern us, but we need to do something. E 'need to identify clear and specific guidelines and operate consistently. In '68, when I attended the University, the motto of our students Fighting was hard without fear. Today, faced with this ethical lapse of the policy, I invite those who are in opposition to it and just hope that the free voices of journalism have a surge of pride and help us get back on top of information that surrounds us quest'oscurantismo are aware that press freedom is a right for all Italian citizens, enshrined in the Constitution.

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Pains Sooting In My Neck On The Left Side

policy and disgust

These reflections have been published as a letter under the heading "The readers' letters" of the Messaggero Veneto on 01 July 2009. A few months ago

Disconcert frequently uses the word in my thoughts, while in recent times has been replaced with disgust, in the figurative sense of moral revulsion. It can not really
more! We can see a sample of crap worthy of the Guinness Book of Records that filters through the hard news gives us a little national press still free, but also international. We just fell down!
E 'is now a fact that most of the media are "gagged" by allowing the ruler to administer them as a kind of tablets, or better, suppositories, absurd statements and phony news first proclaimed on television and then denied, or assigned to others, and "suggestions" to which head is more or less appropriate to include the advertising of their holdings.
Strange news blackout on the other hand, conflict of interest involving those in power and at the same time, controls a wide range of information.
disgust with the ethical confusion that we are witnessing: "Popes-gate", "Bari-gate", snatched photos, flights were available for minstrels and beautiful and young, too, girls.
disgust at the lack of respect for democracy, by those who govern us so that was chosen by the electorate, but should not forget that represents throughout the country, and therefore can not cancel any voice of dissent just because they get comfortable or to treat the government as a management board which controls who has the majority stake.
distaste for the superficiality and Boccaccio goliardic that can undermine the security of our nation. It is unthinkable that one of the leaders of the G8 can be blackmailed by any noble lady from the pant easy, in spite of any safety standard, was able to document his intimate encounters.
disgusted with the consensus reached by those who, sick of power, believes he can act above the law, to shoot zero on the Constitution and to feel entitled to ask to increase his powers. It would be desirable, Instead, the increased powers of constitutional organs of control, and this guarantee and protect freedom of the citizen, to every citizen, and to prevent the public becoming increasingly res res private.
Considering also that a family of five does not come at the end of the month, that have been lost many jobs and that there are workers who can not even enjoy the support of some social safety net, as they have repeatedly stressed Emma Marcegaglia Confindustria president, and Mario Draghi, Governor of the Bank of Italy, it appears that someone tells it right.
Meanwhile, those who govern us, with his incurable optimism continues to repeat that the worst of the crisis is over and that is the "left" which makes it a terrorist use.
disgust as the words "left" and "communist" change in meaning depending on latitude and longitude, in fact, if used in Italy is synonymous with all the atrocities that happen to public or private, while in Russia are meant business.
Miracles of Italian cabaret joke.
distaste for the bill which proposes the inclusion in our legal system, the crime of illegal immigration. Definitely the majority of Italians have forgotten our old when they were going to seek employment abroad. It is not bunkered down in the fort, and bragging of rejections operated on some of desperate boat that stops the migration. Perhaps we should provide aid to people in their countries. Perhaps it would be appropriate to regulate migration flows with clear laws and put in the conditions of immigrants live in dignity and enjoy all the social rights. Perhaps it would be appropriate to really become part of Europe and with other member states agree a common line. Do not forget that the first exploiters of these dispossessed are often just a few of our fellow citizens who take them in black to work as slaves without offering them any guarantee or civil rights.
disgust at the waste of public money. Air have been thrown million euro, for refusing to do election day, and this only for the particular interests of certain groups of political power.
distaste for arriving at a situation where, for excessive crushing of ideals and / or the pursuit of narrow interests, and there was no real opposition. The voters are weary and increases even more the disconnect between politics and citizens so as to ensure that the ranks of the "party of non-voting" Continued growth.
DISGUSTING extreme for the rejection of those who govern us to answer questions to shed light on events that are no longer private, but related to all the continuing stories with which our leaders were told we want to treat them as lunatics.
It 's time to stop to be insulted our intelligence!
The intellect is the greatest gift that we had and not use it would be an act of ingratitude toward the One who has it provided.
So think with your head, because what we teach our children to follow the smart politicians clinging to the chair from which to manage their private feud or to live according to the dictates of honesty and respect for the law?

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How To Defeat Guy On The Bridge In Darksiders

In Cuba we vote, we'd better

Dear Severgnini,

is with immense pride that I propose a scoop to readers of "Italians" in the days of Sunday 21 and 28 October in Cuba Voting. But how - say at this point in several - Cuba was not a brutal dictatorship? And when do you vote in the brutal dictatorship? If we talk about Cuba, you do it there for about thirty years. 8.3 million voters over 16 to renew by direct secret ballot of the 15,236 members of the Municipal Assemblies of People's Power, which according to the Cuban electoral law will stay in office for two and a half years. In each of the 169 Cuban municipalities, more special than the Isle of Youth, the population will be divided by number of inhabitants in the districts, each of which expresses a delegate, which together will create the council of the people.

okay, but there there is only one party - continue to think of many - and then the elections are fake. In fact the party is unique. But while we are there so many parties and there is no possibility to choose the right person to vote, in Cuba there is only one party (horror) in which, however, can choose who you want. Yes, but if one does not identify with that party, shall be barred, objective at this point in so many. And why we would happen to someone who wanted to apply and does not recognize the capitalist logic of the market, the financial policy of the primacy of profit on solidarity (only true party of our existing parties)? In short, the end is so true that having many political parties mean more freedom of choice? Do not be so sure if it is true that "underneath are all the same (is not it like saying all around?).

Mirko Fabbri from the Corriere della Sera on 26 October 2007

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Because the wind blows away the crisis the European left

The business world has lost the protection it enjoyed in the past and the weakness of the forces trade union to defend themselves can only choose individual streets. The figures are worrying to swell the ranks of abstention was precisely the voters traditionally loyal left to the young and the working classes. The defeat in the last general elections for Parliament in Strasbourg is forcing social democracies to rethink their theoretical and political horizons.

The results of European elections, which hit his left hand, raises two crucial questions: the first is on her current health status, the second on its future that now concerns the post-socialism. This reveals two answers to the contrary. The first relativized failure and insists on the special nature of this election, referring to the specificities of each country and recalling the history of the left shows a continuous succession of cycles sometimes favorable and sometimes negative. Second, while recognizing the relevance of these arguments, see in these elections - also preceded by other setbacks - a historic defeat. And it is this response that we have to consider.

In fact, the reformist left has had to collect sixteen defeats, some of which are of considerable scope, affecting its formation the most important and emblematic.

The left is affected, regardless of its current location - the opposition, alone or in combination to power in coalition governments - and regardless of its historical trajectory. How to explain such a disaster? Putting together a series of factual, economic reasons and more structural factors.

The record of abstentions recorded in the European elections is attributable to the electorate favored by the left: young people and especially the working class and blue collar workers and voters to more modest levels of education, which are today the most depoliticized, and less interested Europe. The supporters of the left who went to the polls have scattered their votes. Those who see the EU because of all its current difficulties voted for Eurosceptic parties, or perhaps for those xenophobic and populist, as seems to have been the case for a popular part of the electorate. The moderates, more volatile and uncertain than ever, opted for the center-right formations. The European-income insured and a high level of education, more open to the world, have preferred the Greens (in some developed countries, including France) considering that today the priority issues are those of ecology and the environment.

It also showed a significant paradox: far from encouraging, the financial and economic crisis has indeed damaged the left, who was convinced of having to take advantage, as the current situation marks the end of illusions about the benefits of the market and the collapse of liberal myth, with the need for rules and policies emanating from the State social. The Party of European Socialists, however, had no major difficulties in the adoption of a common manifesto, and his campaign was focused on social Europe. Even the radical left who believed his moment had come, to whip the one hand capitalism and reformism on the other, guilty of all the betrayals, while some progress despite having reported a total of ten members will be less in the future European Parliament . But how come you have not listened to the left? First, as Bernardo Valli wrote on June 9 of the Republic, because the right shown great pragmatism, has ceased to refer to neo-liberalism - which in fact Europe has never been converted - to adopt protectionist positions, and has not hesitated to embrace the themes of the Left.

also - and above - the left has tended to read the present through the spectacles of the past, without grasping the full complexity of this crisis, revealing far more profound mutations that afflict our society for decades. Crisis means unemployment, growing social inequalities, worsening of poverty, and yet, at least for the time this crisis has not attracted major collective mobilization. Because we are afraid. Why unions are weakened. Because there's been an evolution in social relations within firms. Because the world of work has changed. Why insecurity is now widespread. Consequently, many Europeans, deliberately or by force majeure, still attempt individual strategies of survival and adaptation, and would be considered free and independent, while having strong security needs. As for the elderly - which are always more numerous - are sensitive to issues such as security and immigration, and many aspire to re-establish their identity. Finally, in turn, also our political systems have changed dramatically, particularly with the emergence of democracy and public opinion, in which the role of leaders is crucial. It is clear that a decade in this area all suffer from a deficit left handed.

The reformist left was neither property nor dumb. He refused to resume, as the radical left, the old recipes of the past has explored other avenues, trying to address new groups of voters. But against a united right, capable of incisive proposals, determined to impose cultural hegemony and to respond to the needs of identity that occurs in Europe, is divided on the defensive, without planning or identity, no leader, just credible and in tune with the changes taking place. Therefore, the reformist left has a priority: to start as soon as a reflection on the foundations and conditions of his reformism, and analyze the complexity of changes taking place in societies and our democracies. Pain of his death.

Marc Lazar from the Republic of June 16, 2009

(Translated by Elizabeth Horvat)

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Historia vitae Magiste

In response to my letter published Messaggero Veneto Monday, June 1 under the title "Culture-a definition not fashionable", a friend sent me an email which included sharing the speech to the Athenians, written by Thucydides, and held by Pericles in 461 BC.
I honestly do not remember, but even many politicians in our country, given what they say, feels and sees and is seen as trying to do to drift our democracy. Re-reading this book gave me the chills because the concepts are expressing a political program of great relevance for each state, body politic ", civilized people.
At this moment I believe that these principles even though it is set 2470 years ago in the land where he was born democracy, can be adopted as a moral guide for all who are to govern at the local, national and European level.

Here in Athens we do like. Here
our government promotes the many instead of just a few:
and this is called democracy.
Here in Athens we do like. The laws here
ensure equal justice for all
in their private disputes, but we never ignore the merits of excellence.
When a citizen stands, then it will be, in preference to other
, called to serve the state, but not as an act of privilege as a
reward merit, and poverty is not an impediment.

Here in Athens we do like.
The freedom we enjoy extends also to their daily life, we do not
we are suspicious of each other and do not bother if ever our
next to our neighbor like to live in his own way.
We are free, free to live just like we like
and yet we are always ready to face any danger.
An Athenian citizen does not neglect public affairs when it expects to
own private affairs, but also is not concerned with public affairs
to solve his private matters.

Here in Athens we do like.
We have been taught to respect the judiciary, and we were also taught to respect
laws and to never forget that we protect those who receive
offense.
And we were also taught to observe those unwritten laws that
reside in the universal sense of what is right and what is
common sense.

Here in Athens we do like.
A man who does not care about the state we do not consider it harmless, but useless
, and although a few are able to give life to a
politics, all well here in Athens we can judge it.
We do not regard the discussion as an obstacle on the path of democracy
.
We believe that happiness is the fruit of freedom, but freedom
is only the fruit of the value.
So, I proclaim that Athens is the school of Hellas, and that every Athenian
growing developing in him a happy versatility, self-confidence,
readiness to face any situation and for this reason that our city is open
the world and we never expel a foreigner.
Here in Athens we do like.

Historia Magistra Vitae! Let us not forget!

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Eluana

These reflections on the thorny case of Eluana were published as a letter to the newspaper Messaggero Veneto February 5, 2009

We are not in Iran's Khomeini

I would like to say a few words as a person , a citizen and a retired doctor, on the case of Eluana, now that you start the epilogue.
Frankly, every time I hear or read newspaper articles, inappropriately or written about this sad story, on which everyone feels compelled to make judgments ed'invadere the privacy of that poor family, I can think of the word Disconcert .
right, else puzzled by the lack of respect for the grief of the family that started seventeen years ago will stay with them forever, because the pain of losing a child can not be erased.
I wonder, regardless of the views of all those who spend many words on the subject, what support was given to the family. How many of those who verbally defend life at all costs, the first person to engage in protecting, supporting, helping, respecting the rights of the weakest people and acting in a way that others respect them. Because people who suffer, families suffer, there are many.
are horrified by the inaction of the political class. Politicians continue to prove more and more opportunities to leave the discussion of issues so crucial to all of us, emotional wave of collective ethical conscience, being characterized by thousands of diverse voices, only creates confusion. It would be better than such topics as living wills or others that affect the lives of all the relevant sites were discussed and finally legislate appropriately in respect of those who have faith, but also of those who did not have it.
are horrified by the non-compliance with a decision, right or wrong that we consider, issued by the supreme law of the State and that many invite to disown it. My parents taught me that this is civil disobedience. What explains their children, students, or young people with whom they have to do those people: to follow their religious beliefs or the law of the State? Following ethics objective that seeks the respect of the person, although secular, or only Catholicism? We're talking about freedom and I do not want, on purpose, to be part of that chorus that comes in on the medical problem that affects the family and Eluana Englaro, providing additional personal voice to a problem that has become all too collective.
are horrified by the interference of certain sectors of Catholic fundamentalists who claim to impose their ideas to those who are secular and do not forget that the State is and must remain secular! We are not in a state Khomeini's theocracy like Iran. The Catholic Church is indeed an integral part of our culture and therefore has the sacred right and duty to express their ideas, but can not expect to impose them on everyone. In the Constitution, so often disregarded, there is freedom of worship for all faiths.
are horrified by some Catholics, fundamentalists feel compelled by the Bishop of chopsticks for not taking drastic action, it is even spoken of excommunication, against ten "priests of the border" hot as signatories of the famous document. One has the impression of falling back to the times of the Inquisition, when the Church was more careful not to lose its temporal power and Orthodoxy, which allowed him to maintain it, rather than living according to the dictates of the Gospel.
are horrified, and I will end here, hoping not to appear as Cato the Censor, but as a citizen of the sick, the excess of the spotlight on this critical matter that affects one person, pointing out that, in contrast, has little visibility been given, for example, to twelve hundred Palestinian deaths or all of those, lay or missionaries who are murdered every day in over a hundred ongoing conflicts in the world today.

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2 3 Introducing a culture

Messaggero Veneto letter published on June 1, 2009.

Culture

a definition is not fashionable

In a moment of loss of values, empty of meaning, particularly the ethical, linked also to the media bombardment that subtly suggests a series of more appearance-oriented models that being, the ephemeral beauty of the body eternally unchanged in spite of any law of nature, the omnipotence of the village money in the name of which it becomes permissible to trample any law, dignity and feelings, I asked myself that way, what value, which give meaning to the word culture, both used and often abused.
certainly not talking about the "culture" that would have us believe that life is a reality or would like to convince that the "thinking" is just one and unquestionable.
For my CULTURE is:
- open your mind because the intellect is the greatest gift that man has ever had and would be a sign of ingratitude not to use it better;
- be the protagonists of their history;
- choose what is right from what is not, what is good and what is bad for everyone us not forget that your neighbor can have different parameters, equally valid, of course, in respect of the current Constitution and the moral
- can tell when the speaker is telling the truth or telling a pack of lies;
- know and demand their rights;
- make your voice heard, participate in decisions and not be caged by preconceived ideas, but take personal opinions;
- know how to listen to others and have the courage to say "I do not understand! Tell me more! "
- understand that it is fruitful to all work together to build the common good, and learn to communicate, share and discuss;
- have the courage to say" I was wrong! " and find the strength to apologize;
- understand that "others" are not "bad" and that is a great richness in diversity;
- respect yourself, others and nature;
- respect their history and traditions, treasure the past and look to the future;
- enjoy having doubts as a stimulus to think, argue with yourself and with others, draw conclusions, but be ready to challenge in the light of new information, not satisfied with the "certainty" of others;
- enjoy the beauty and consider it as a stimulus for discussion and debate, and then the "growth";
- learn to use their knowledge in new contexts, growing cross-fertilization of thought.

To me, the educated man is not who you know has a sector-wide that may be, but one that is constantly evolving, which jealously guards and cultivates in himself the ability to be amazed by the new and different things, not barricades himself in the ivory tower of knowledge, but which permeates all his knowledge with humanity, making it a fully-fledged citizen of civil society.

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My wife and I, after thirty years of marriage, we, maybe even more than before, the desire to compete on many issues that often lead us to make the reflections, so we decided to publish on a blog in order to broaden the discussion.

I, among other things, it is my hobby of writing, so I've made since 2003, five books on which you can read up in the books my blog beppe advanced . In all my publications, gives voice to people who recounts his experiences thus reconstructing the history of everyday people who lived dramatic moments, important in a border area as Carnia, perhaps taking inspiration from particular aspects such as, for example, by correspondence.

I must say that the stimulus to our thinking have their origin in time from the political chronicle, sometimes made by national or local custom often strong social and ethical value. When we do or do some reflection I think that I write or think is important, because it trace left of it. Lately I got into the habit of writing some thoughts that are usually based on respect for the person and the indignation that stems from abuse, particularly when certain values \u200b\u200bare trampled by the brutal way in power related to any type of lobby.

We would like to deal with the thought of others and then we will be happy to receive your comments.

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The gene has become selfless

Neuroscience - The live images neurons reveal the secrets of moral decisions. Ethical principles to pre-existing religions, as a natural circuit, similar to that of language. Nothing but selfishness, we are programmed to work together and fall in love. The "goodness" comes from the interaction between the cortex, the seat of emotions and rational.

The thing about scientists is that they are the only people willing to change his mind. But even more remarkable is that many test support what most consider unrealistic: humans are basically good. We were scheduled to work, rather than help us out, build stable social groups and even fall in love. On evolution, the discovery that ruins sleep in many men and women of faith who stigmatize Darwin as a lost soul.
one surprise, science puts the nose in philosophy, ethics and religion, and builds a provocative image of the human being, throwing the air a few thousand years of meditation far from obvious. And it does putting into play their own interpretations. Between the years 70 and recently, followed the mainstream of evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins (again evolutionism!) And claimed that the bodies - including us - are prey to the so-called "selfish gene". His favorite phrase said "The quality of a dominant gene that has happened is ruthless selfishness. And 'this gene at the base of the evil behavior of individuals."
is no longer the case. The latest technologies that observe the functioning of the brain directly, along with the explosion of neuroscience who enjoy the Appearance section and more specific skills, argue the opposite: the ethical principles, rather than a product of religion, these pre-exist as a natural circuit, parallel to the "software" of the language (theorized by prof.'s MIT Noam Chomsky). A test is the test of Marc Hauser, a Harvard evolutionary psychologist, who devised the formula of "moral minds" (here again appear Darwin). As a refutation of Dawkins posthumously, explains it this way. "I are given $ 10 to make an offer to a stranger who will never see again. I'll have to deliver the agreed amount and keep the rest. But if he refuses, neither of them will have nothing." And here's yet another
twist. "From a rational point of view, I should give the minimum amount possible. But most of the" guinea pigs "proposes $ 5. And when the figure is much lower, the other tends to say no." And 'one of the evidence - says Hauser - that the mind has been formed "with a series of regulatory mechanisms that balance the unbridled egotism."
The great thing is that, beyond the statistics, is the 'imaging of neurons to explain the secret. The decisions of "moral" - and I confirm my colleagues, beginning with Antonio Damasio, a neuroscientist at the University of Southern California - are not taken from the bark only rational, but also and inevitably by the limbic system, seat of emotions. To take action is a mix.
means that the only reason the crude greed drives us to Dawkins (and extreme even murder). E 'instead of the seemingly irrational sophisticated package - consisting of four categories of feelings, from anger to compassion, according to research psychologist Jonathan Haidt of the University of Virginia - transforming us into benevolent creatures "pro-social". Steven Pinker, a Harvard cognitive psychologist, is quite clear: "It's adaptive mechanisms to enable cooperation."
And this, of metamorphosis, can sublimate in love watching the interactions of neurons, Semir Zeki, neurobiologist at University College in London, is convinced that the development of ideals - a path that moves from changing artistic creation to the feelings, in fact - is the inevitable expression of our way to acquire knowledge, which can handle huge amounts of data only through synthesis. Neuroscience, with him, opened the era of neuroestetica and expand the range of neuropsychology. We are social beings and, if not more, binds us an idea of \u200b\u200bromantic love is a universal constant, as confirmed by the confessions of frustrated poets.
final surprise: it is demonstrated that the gene selfish or generous - said Piergiorgio Strata, president of the National Institute of Neuroscience - our freedom flows through narrow limits, genetically determined. E 'Roger Sperry's Nobel prize for medicine a cruel metaphor of the wheel: like our thought patterns can run or slow down, but its geometry is that it always requires the molecules, determining their behavior.

of Gabriele Beccaria by La Stampa, June 11, 2008

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The Seven Deadly Sins of the Internet (and virtues)

What is the fate of the parliaments in the information and communication? Some years ago, when he began the debate on electronic democracy, it seemed that new technologies have led to the gradual disappearance of representative democracy, replaced by more and more common forms of democracy Direct. In the new electronic agora citizens could always take the word and decide on everything.

The memory of ancient Athens and the model of the town meetings of New England appeared to be the new form of democracy, with a mixture of old and new that would gradually erased the role of parliaments. Today these assumptions are far away, and electronic democracy going in different directions from those of a brutal and deceptive simplification of political systems. But this does not mean that parliaments can overlook some great new information and communication technologies, which have a profound effect on their role and how they structure their relationship with society. We are not faced with simple technical means, but a powerful force, technology as a whole, which is radically transforming our society.

We are moving on a global scale, from a technological equilibrium to another. The first great task of parliaments, today, is therefore to take this moment to make timely choices necessary for all the smart technologies will be resolved in an overall strengthening of democracy.

became clear some lines of analysis and intervention, which can be summarized as follows:

- to ensure that new technologies lead to a concentration instead of a spread of social and political power;

- to ensure that new technologies become established as a form of populism in our time, with a continuous sliding into a plebiscite democracy.

-avoid that we are increasingly faced with control technologies rather than technologies of freedom;

- preventing new inequalities in addition to those existing

- to avoid the great potential creative use of new technologies does not lead to a diffusion of knowledge, but insidious forms of privatization.

Pure digital age, therefore, has its sins, seven as tradition, and were listed as: 1) inequality, 2) commercial exploitation and abuse information, and 3) the risks to privacy, 4) disintegration of communities; 5) instant plebiscites and dissolution of democracy, 6 ) tyranny of those who control access; 7) loss of value of public service and social responsibility. There are, however, the virtues, first and foremost the great opportunity to give voice to an increasingly large number of individual and collective subjects, to produce and share knowledge, so that now many believe that the definition that best describes our present and a future closer, is just that of "knowledge society".

Beyond the images and metaphors, parliaments are not called to choose between good and evil. Faced with a complex reality, in which live the knowledge society and risk society, parliaments are not being asked to choose between good and evil. They must reaffirm their historic and unique role as guardians of freedom and equality.

references are not rhetorical. The technology provides us with many promises.

democracy offers the means to combat the declining efficiency, and up to propose a regeneration. But if we look at the real world, trends in act, we risk to meet increasingly use technology that makes extensive and continuous monitoring of citizens. Must react to these trends, not only to escape to a kind of institutional schizophrenia that leads to the construction of a world divided between the hopes of freedom and the danger of surveillance. And 'necessary, especially realistically considering the social dynamics, beginning with those which could produce new inequalities.

This problem is usually referred to as digital divide, and indeed the use of technology, the Internet first, produces social stratification, the emergence of new classes of haves and have nots, the haves and its have-nots with regard to the fundamental resource of information. But the most reliable research on the digital divide, highlight the gap between developed and less developed countries as regards Internet access, can not be examined by referring mainly to differences in income. Although still very deep, in fact, the distances on the Internet tend to fall faster than those related to wealth.

This means that the factors of influence are not so much economic, but rather the social and cultural rights.

Knowledge is a word that sums up the access to the sources, to develop the material collected, disseminate information freely. Already in Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights United Nations has affirmed the right of everyone to freedom of opinion and expression "and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of Frontiers. Today this right is threatened by the claim of many states to control the Internet, for the exercise of real power of censure, for convictions of perpetrators of those particular communications network that are blogs.

This situation can not be ignored, especially as some large companies - Microsoft, Google, Yahoo, Vodafone - Announced by the end of the publication of a "Charter" to protect freedom of expression on the Internet. Parliaments can not accept that the guarantee of free speech, that the U.S. wanted to entrust their First Amendment of the Constitution, become the stuff of which deal only with individuals, which obviously will only offer guarantees compatible with their interests.

Internet is the largest public space that humanity has known, where he is also making a great redistribution of power. A place where everyone can speak, acquire knowledge, generate ideas and not just information, to exercise the right to criticize, discuss, participate in the common life, and thus build a different world to which all citizens can equally be said.

But all this may become more difficult, if not impossible, if knowledge is closed in pens owners without considering the very novelty of the situation we face and that requires looking at knowledge as the most important assets common.

The question of the commons is essential. New words travel the world - open source, free software, no copyright - giving the sense of a change of epoch. Today, the conflict between ownership interests and collective interests can be found not only around scarce resources, in view increasing dramatically as water scarce. In the global context we see a continuous creation of new goods, knowledge, first of all with respect to which the shortage is not the result of natural data, but of deliberate policies, misuse of the patent and copyright, which are leading to a movement of "closure" similar to that in England, led to the enclosure of the commons, the first freely available. This artificial scarcity, created, and threatens to deprive millions of people with extraordinary opportunities for personal growth and collective political participation.

The challenge for parliaments is not only about the need to find new balance between logic and logical properties of common goods. Invests the same way of understanding citizenship. The real novelty of democratic information and communication technologies, in fact, is not to give the public the misleading illusion of participating in major decisions through electronic referendums. It consists in the power given to each and everyone to use the extraordinary wealth of material made available for technology to develop proposals to control the ways in which power is exercised, to organize society. With this wide world - in which democracy is manifested in a "live", but no overlap with the "representative" - \u200b\u200bthe parliament must find new forms communication, through consultations, informal networking of proposals on which it urges the citizens' opinion, procedures to allow the parliament to extend in proposals drawn up by groups to whom, then, are also recognized the possibility of intervention in the legislative process.

The rigid opposition between representative democracy and direct democracy may well be exceeded, and the same parliamentary democracy would receive new legitimacy from its stand as a constant partner of the company.

In this context, parliaments must in particular rule that needs to fight terrorism and crime and the demands of economic system will lead to the creation of a surveillance society, the selection and control, altering the democratic character of political systems which Parliaments are the first and essential guarantors.

Just technologies, with their apparent neutrality, have strengthened the push towards the creation of huge collections of personal data.

policy is delegating to the technical management of the different aspects of society, forgetting, for example, a principle clearly stated in Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights. In this rule is permitted to limit rights for various purposes, including security national law, provided, however, that it measures compatible with the characteristics of a democratic society. Parliaments should exercise this function with the utmost rigor of control, without delegating it to other state bodies, be it constitutional courts. Only thus can prevent the transformation of citizens into suspects, and prevent, with the argument of the defense of democracy, the democracy is being lost.

This is the speech Stefano Rodota held at Montecitorio for the opening of the International Conference of the Interparliamentary Union (March 6, 2007)

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the brains OF The Harvard boffins at Harvard: "Punishing is useless, it is only losers"

EARN POINTS IN SIMULATION those who collaborate with the opposition.
"The punishment does not help to achieve results. Serves only to reaffirm a strict hierarchy." The

had said to the jailers at Abu Ghraib, maybe they would be kept a bit '. Punishment does not do any good, is a behavior from losers. The sociological and psychological truth, that prisoners and subjected the world had already guessed, is now certified by a Harvard University study, led by Martin Nowak and published in Nature. The researchers gathered a group of volunteers and screened them with a series of role-playing games (not torture) to understand what were the behaviors more efficient in a group or in a hierarchical chain.
The key experiment was the "Prisoner's Dilemma", a model already studied in economics and sociology.
version of the game used in the experiment, volunteers had different options of win or loss, related to the moves of others. Each player could decide to "cooperate" with opponents (losing a coin, but making them win two opponents), thinking only of his own interests and thus win by losing his opponent, to punish the opponent, a currency and self-assessed wasting the "enemy" four coins.
the end, the five players were better placed than those who chose not to punish ever. At the other extreme are those who had placed the punishment frequently qui red. The punishment short
NOT USED TO PROMOTE COOPERATION, BUT EQUAL TO OTHER REQUIREMENTS AS THAT OF REINFORCING A HIERARCHY OF CONTROL OR DEFEND A property '.
"Winners do not punish," summed up David G. Rand, a researcher at Harvard.
not do it because the punishment creates a spiral of revenge, which can have destructive consequences. "In a competitive society like today - he concludes - who choose to punish, lost, victim of his own weapon."

study published in Nature

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should the principles of democracy

This text appeared in 1958 on "Risorgimento" that, during the first decades of the Constitution, had initiated an investigation. It was later published in the same year, the Bulletin of the University of Turin.
When we speak of democracy, we are not referring only to a set of institutions, but also indicates a general conception of life. In the democracy we are committed not only as citizens with certain rights and certain duties, but also as men who must incorporate a way to live and deal with themselves and with others. How
political system, modern democracy is founded on the recognition and guarantees of freedom under three aspects: civil liberty, political liberty and social liberty. To civil liberty means the right, by giving each citizen to make personal decisions without interference by public authorities in those fields of economic and spiritual life, within which explains, expresses, enhances the personality of each . Through political freedom, which is the right to participate directly or indirectly in the formation of laws, it is recognized to citizens the power to contribute to the political choices that determine the orientation of the government, and to discuss and perhaps change the policy choices made by others, so that political power loses the odious character of oppression from above. In addition, we are now convinced that civil liberty and freedom Policy names are vain if they are not complemented by social freedom, which alone can give citizens a real power and not only abstract or formal, and they can meet their basic needs and to develop their natural abilities.
These three freedoms are the expression of a complete conception of life and history, the highest and most humanly rich conception of life and history that men have created over the centuries. Behind the civil liberty is the recognition of man as a person, and thus the principle that only just society is one in which state power has limits and well-established barriers, and abuse of power can be lawful, that is, through legal, rejected, and there is dominated by the spirit of dialogue, the method of persuasion against all forms of dogmatism of ideas, of bigotry, oppression spiritual, physical and moral violence. Behind the political freedom is the idea of \u200b\u200bfundamental equality of men in front of political power, the principle that before the task of governing, which is essential for the survival and development of human society, there are elected and reprobate, governors and governed by purpose, powerful and uncontrolled servants resigned, the lower classes and upper classes, but all may be, from time to time, rulers or ruled, and to each other and the second alternate events, interests, ideologies. Finally, upon social freedom is the principle, and later appeared hard, but not reject them, that men count must count, not for what they have, but for what they do, and work, not ownership, the actual contribution that everyone can give according to their capacity for social development, and not the possession that each has merit or not to an extent proportionate to the merits, is the dignity of man in civil society.
A democracy needs, of course, appropriate institutions, but does not live where these institutions are not fueled by strong principles. Where the principles that inspired the institutions lose force in people's minds, even the institutions decay, become, first, empty skeletons, then the first impact and risk of ending up in dust. If today there is a problem of democracy in Italy, it is more a problem of principles and institutions. Ten years after the promulgation of the constitution, we can say that the main institutions for the functioning of a democratic state there. But we can say with equal confidence that the principles of democracy have become a living part of our costume? I can not express any apprehension on this point.
The path of democracy is not an easy path. For this we must be constantly vigilant, not resign ourselves to the worst, but even indulge in a quiet confidence inevitably arise in the progress of humanity. Today we do not believe, as they believed the Liberal Democrats, the Socialists at the beginning of the century, that democracy is a fatal path. I belong to the generation that has learned from the European Resistance as the sum of suffering was necessary for Europe to return to civilian life. The difference between my generation and that of our fathers is that they were democratic optimism. We are, we must be more democratic in alarm.

Norberto Bobbio

5 Month Old Baby Having Bad Coughing

Who loves and who is not the risk of spring cleaning

The disappointed people left, many feel that "exiles to their homeland", to quote Ilvo Diamonds, still show, however, whenever he found the ' occasion, an unexpected desire to have their say, and have something to participate in the political debate. They hit me in that sense the unique reactions to "The Hunting Party" on March 2, in which I gave on behalf of 'the initiative of a researcher of the CNR (Stefano Calabretta: http://doparie.it) promote, in addition to the primary direct selection of candidates, "doparie", an internal referendum to a party or a coalition, both national and local level, to decide by majority vote, once a 'year in a special election day, the most important issues divide 'public opinion relating to the Pd (living wills from the tramway in Florence). I doubted that the proposal fell within ' indifference that gives rise to the 'institutional engineering, but maybe wrong because I still really do not capture the explosive power of the Internet. The network has begun, in fact, to seek and revive the 'idea: from the "Citizens for the' Olive 'in Friuli Venezia Giulia to the Committee for the open primary of San Giovanni in Fiore (Cosenza) and various blogs, generally militants pd . It is manifested as a correspondence tending to steal a new path of direct and participatory democracy. Comforting the content of the e-mail to our address book. Prof. Mario Staibano, chief cardiac surgeon and now head of Health 'Italy of Values, "At a time vacuum of ideas and dramatic decline of interest in politics, only the recovery of a participatory democracy can bring hope for a rescue. 'S introduction of doparie in health issues would pose an obstacle to political intrusion in hospitals, criticized by all in vain. " Laura Wise, university student: "The primaries are not enough anymore. IOE other university students in Rome are planning a primary symbol on a hot topic that has divided opinions within the 'coalition of the inner Pd, such as living wills. What we want is that the party supported and voted that we find the courage to contact us. But the Democratic Party still affects our opinion? ". Finally Civati \u200b\u200bGiuseppe, Milan, owner of a popular blog, has intend to enter the 'idea of \u200b\u200bdoparie in the document with other friends present at' assembly of the Democratic Party circles, called for 31 to Rome. A sharp criticism, however, expressed in flattering terms, that of Lanfranco Pace Gazette of 6 March. World youth from sympathy for the armed party, the 'paper analyzes the proposal "to do once a' year, a little 'how to do spring cleaning, internal referendum on a controversial points ... all youth with tools and much obamiani .... And yet - he continues - the remedy is worse than the disease ... Among the many misfortune that may befall parties already characterized by high degree of indecision and internal bickering, to contact members and voters, that even though they reduce are still millions ... reduces the political to registration deed without putting it in away from the people, that if it is large in general can be perfect bull in particular. If instead of proceeding on its own and with courage to abolish the death penalty, Mitterrand had asked for enlightenment to his constituents, in France it would still be the guillotine. " Evidently the French long exile has left some traces in the minds of Lanfraco Peace does not realize that there is no boredom left Mitterrand, able to proceed alone, while Berlusconi is right there, that could, if he wants, reintroduce the death penalty by a vote of the majority of single parent, according to its constitutional find.

of Mario Pirani from the Republic of March 16, 2009

Christmas Vacation Moose Punch Cup

A victory for the Yes

The dispute about the dates of the referendum is running out, so you can start talking substance. The intent that drove the referendum to take the initiative in 2007 was more than commendable. Faced with the risk that the landscape of quarrelsome coalition of its last term to become a structural feature of our political system, proposed to liquidate those coalitions and awarded the prize of winning a majority in the single list. In each choice there are advantages and political damage. So the benefits outweighed the damage.

Now, however, to overcome that kind of happened by political coalitions. In 2008 Veltroni, with courage, united with the only IDV and Berlusconi followed him make a pact only with the League. It 'hard to think that we can go back to the caravans of the past: the first would be to rebel against the voters. Therefore, the advantages gained by political means that you wanted to achieve through the referendum, you have to deal with the damage.

The main question intends to award a prize to the list of majority who has got the most votes: the list of winning the House or the Senate, in cases with only 30% of the votes, would get 55% of the seats. Even now, not voters, but the leaders of parties, case unique in the developed world, have the power to choose members of Parliament. The referendum confirms this and indeed enhances their prerogative because it puts in the hands of one man, the leader of the winning party, whoever he is, the choice of an absolute majority of parliamentarians. The concerns are exacerbated when you look at the party statutes and practices that characterize their internal life: very few political parties today might be called democratic, as most work with the charismatic and populist mode. If the Yes wins tomorrow, only one party in the minority in the country, would become an absolute majority in Parliament and could, for example, alone, to elect the Head of State, take possession of the media, change according to your conveniences the electoral law and parliamentary rules. Parliament would become a prosthesis of the government, even the Prime Minister, whoever he is.

Today, most PDL-League provides a degree of political discourse that promotes democracy but does not block the comparison, the same would happen if he won the coalition Pd-IDV. If tomorrow, thanks to the referendum, only govern the PDL or just the PD democracy would be stronger? The bipartisanship is not blasphemy, but it requires an electoral system which gives people the opportunity to choose their parliamentary and democratic norms in all the major parties. These conditions are not present and therefore the two-party out of the referendum that would consolidate the current reality in oligarchies.

seems very risky to say that I should make is to win power and then change the law Calderoli. If indeed there was a majority to change the electoral law, because it is not changed promptly, to avoid the referendum? In reality today there is no majority for a new electoral law and is unlikely to be there tomorrow when the winners have all the power in their hands.

of Luciano Violante by La Stampa, April 16, 2009

Why Is My Pee Foamy And Smelly?

boycotted the referendum

It seems that many in the center are directed to vote Yes in the referendum Guzzetta. I hope they change their minds.

There is no single reason in the world to vote in that direction. The question of the referendum was portrayed as an attempt to eliminate the negative effects of the law Calderoli. This is not true. If accepted would result in a sharp deterioration in the law: the automatic transition from a bipolar to a forced forced bipartisanship. And not only that the party list that gets the most votes gets the absolute majority of seats.

Some repeats that reform should not be judged by the contingency but for effects of the system. The assumption may make sense in a normal democracy, but in Italy there is not a normal democracy. It is not clear why one should judge the solution Guzzetta disregarding its consequences over the next ten or twenty years. After what will happen in this period the effects of the system of law out of the referendum would have the effect of a drug on the body of the dead. Why?

Why in the given conditions in Italy today, the success of you have only one meaning: the final victory of Berlusconi. If yes can pass the support that you must go to early elections with the new electoral law. The PDL will win and get a overwhelming majority that will allow him to do what he wants. D'Alema and many others argue that if the Yes wins will need to write a new electoral law. The hypothesis has been disproved by the PDL, the law changed since you will immediately enforceable and enforced.

The League has understood very well that it will lose all power to influence the center-right and that the PDL will be able to govern alone. Therefore, opposes the decision. And if Berlusconi were really willing to vote to Yes, the League might have no choice but to bring down the government before the referendum. What it does or not will depend on its will. But in any case within its ranks the alarm is sounded.

It is not clear why the parties instead of the center should be chosen in a vote that they start a peaceful suicide. The PD can claim the reason that he has long supported the validity of a solution very bipolar. But at this point should have realized that the decision "courageous" to go it alone only passes from one defeat to another. For its part IdV can justify the choice of Yes, just because he had collected signatures for a referendum. But today is far more clear then that the solution Guzzetta is a clear deterioration in law Calderoli. So why insist? And then the consistency to a poor choice and now exceeded worth much less than the coherence due to their vocation: yes to pluralist democracy, no one in power.

However IdV PD and are faced with a future already marked. If he wins the Yes, after Berlusconi early elections will be only the full possession of Parliament. It will change the Constitution and the Constitutional Court. Become president of the republic with increased powers. Elected assemblies, which already count for very little, will become the interior boundary of presidentialism. Italian democracy will be forever disfigured.

Faced with this prospect can not even advertise the Deployment for No. of Yes, even without the inclination to suicide of the center, is already quite formidable. It is hoped that June 21 is a date which in itself discourages public participation and must mobilize all our forces to be lacking a quorum. This is not to say go to sea. It must be explained with extreme care: the solution Guzzetta gives all the power in the hands of those who already have full mastery over the media. This is not democracy. E 'establishment of an absolute power plebiscite.

Far lacking a quorum is not a manifestation of indifference. E 'active defense of democracy.

of Pancho Pardi