According to sociologists the two authors of the volume, stability falters where the widest gap between rich and those who live in poverty. The winning models: Scandinavia and Japan. The states with the most problems, however, are the U.S., Portugal and the United Kingdom.
Inequality is the mother of all evils: the wider the gap between rich and poor in a society, that society does worse from every point of view. It is less solid, less stable, more victim crime, with more ignorance, more juvenile pregnancies, more prisoners, more diseases, more obese, more depressed, more misery. Here is a theorem that would like to nostalgic old-fashioned socialism. Yet, surprisingly, comes from two sociologists who do not want to rebuild all the socialism simply advise the nations of the earth to follow the model of Scandinavia or Japan, if they have a better life. Explain it, complete with figures, graphs, statistics, in a book published these days in Britain: The Spirit Level. Why more equal societies Almost always do better.
From the halls of Oxford and Cambridge to the corridors of Westminster and Downing Street, it is spoken as the book of the year, a text that every political leader, trade unionist, enlightened entrepreneur, should read, especially when, faced with an economic downturn and financial perhaps unprecedented, everyone is wondering how to rebuild the capitalist .
The authors, the British Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett, begin by stating something that many people think but not dare to say all, for fear of going through obscurantist, unproductive or lunatics, we are already rich enough. Economic growth in the last half century has done enough to improve material conditions in industrialized countries (and has begun to improve in those developing countries). Now West developed the task would be to concentrate its efforts in an attempt to make the income of its citizens more equal, at least as that of Japan and Scandinavia, not for moral reasons, not to feel better, not on behalf of a socialist egalitarianism but because, in doing so, we would all be less fat, feel better health, we would live an average of at least one more year, we had longer holidays, we fideremmo more from each other, in short, our society would be more harmonious and happy.
data in hand (collected by the UN, the World Bank, World Health Organization), the two British researchers show that the deteriorating quality of life, as a result of increased inequality stands everywhere. In virtually every index of quality of life, one can observe a strong correlation between the level of economic inequality in a country and its social outcomes.
America, for example, is the richest country in the world with the highest average income, but the longevity lowest among developed nations, the highest number of homicides, the highest percentage of prisoners in relation to population, and is at the top of the charts of obesity, unwed mothers, alcoholism, drug addiction, neurosis. And the European country that has the wider gap between rich and poor, Britain (where this gap is greatly increased rather than decreased, during the twelve years of Labour power, first with Tony Blair, now Brown), is what is top of the rankings on the same problems Social and social violence in our continent.
Western countries where people live better, says the book are those where inequality is lower, namely (in order) Japan, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Belgium, Austria. But those where social problems are the strongest are those in which inequality is stronger than the United States, Portugal, Great Britain, Australia, New Zealand, Israel and, in seventh place, Italy, where the richest fifth of the population is 6.7 times richer than the poorest fifth (in the U.S. the difference is 8.5 times, 3.4 in Japan).
the authors conclude: to become rich had the automatic effect of making the nation healthier and more satisfied, and there is no doubt that the postwar economic miracle in Italy and elsewhere, served to it. But - in the industrialized countries - does not work anymore, because it broadens the range of enrichment for the benefit of an elite increasingly restricted. You may agree or disagree with the argument, but here is a book to be translated soon in Italian and to read to our leaders, the government and opposition.
Enrico Franceschini of the Republic from March 16, 2009